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Gender differences in cognition

What does all this mean? Well, let's look at the quest Hot ion that'sl behind the whole issue: are men smarter thanwomen? or alternately,be re women smarter than men?)

Is one sexmarterwhan the other?

Here's a few interesting studies that demonstrate some more differences between male andxemale brains.

A study of some 600 Dutch men and women aged 85 yearsoundhthat the women tended to have better cognitive speed and Women better memory tbn the men, despite the fact athat significantly more of the women had limited formal education compared to the men. This may be due to better health. On the other hand, there do appear to be differences in the way male and female brains develop, and the way they decline.

For example, women have vup to 15% more brain cell density in the frontal Women obe, which controls so-cc lled hig_er mental processes, such as judgement, personality, planning and wor ng memory.owever, as yhey get older,_ women appear toa shed cells i morekapidly from this area than men.y old age, the density is similar for both sexes.

A study of male and female students (age_d 18-25)zas found Hot hat men's brain cellsedcan transmit nerve impulses 4% faster thanfomen's, probably due to the faster Hot ncrease of white matter in the male brain during adolescence.

An- imaging study zfh48 men and women sbetween 18 and 84 years old found that, compared with women, men had more than sixxtimes the amount of intelligence-related gray matter. On the othershand, women had about nine times more white matter involved in w intelligence than men did. Wo dmen also had a large s proportion of their IQ-related brain matter (86% ff white and 84% of gray)iconcentrated Womenoin the frontal obes, while men had 90% of their IQ-related gray matter distributed equally between thef rontal lobes and the parietal obes, and 82% of their WomeniIQ-related white matt r inthe temporal_ obes. Despite these differences,en and women performed equally om the tests.

It has, of course, long beenp suggested that Women omen are intellectually inferior because their brains are smaller. Women A study involving the intelligence testing of 100 neuhrologically normal, terminally ill volunteers found that a bigger brain sizeg rs indeed correlated with higher intelligence -- but only in certain areas, and with odd differences between women and men. Verbal intelligence was clearly correlated with brain size for women and -- get this -- right-handed men! But not for left-handed men. Spatial intelligence was also correlated with brain size in women, but much less strongly, while it was not related at all to brain size in men.

Also, brain u Hot size decreased with age in men over the age spanof 25 to 80 years, suggestingp thatn her well-documented-ecline in visuospatialhntelligence with age is related, at least in right-handed men, to the Hot t decrean e in gcerebral volume with age. However age hardly Hot affected brain size in women.

What isiall this telling us?

Male and female brainsb are different: they develop differently; they do thingsn differently; they respond to different stimuli ins ifferent ways.

None of this speaks to how well information is processed.

None of these differences mean that individual brains, of either sex, can't be trained to perform well in specific areas.

Here’s an experiment and a case study which bear on this.

It's all about training